India: Local industry and the construction sector recycled 333Mt of fly ash in the 2025 financial year. This represented 98% of the 340Mt generated nationally during the year to the end of March 2025, according to the Economic Times. 106Mt (32%) went into roadbuilding, 89.8Mt (27%) into cement production, 46.6Mt (14%) into brick and tile production, 36.6Mt (11%) into backfilling and 33.3Mt (10%) into mine filling.

India circular economy alternative raw materials infrastructure construction Ash supplementary cementitious materials cement road backfill bricks ceramics mine filling